PSY631 Psychology Testing
PSY631 Psychology Testing
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Psychological Assessment and Tests
Psychological Tests: Why Do We Need Them?
“Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and
mental processes …. Human or Animal” (Feldman)
There are three important terms used in this
definition…..scientific study, behavior, and mental processes. Behavior and
mental processes constitute the content or subject matter of psychology,
whereas scientific study refers to the methodology used by psychologists.
Scientific method ensures that the results or conclusions of an investigation
are objective and consistent. For this purpose psychologists use carefully
designed tools of data collection. Psychological tests are one of those tools.
Difference Between Testing And
Assessment:
What is a test?
“A test is a measurement device or technique used to
quantify behavior or aid in the understanding and prediction of behavior” (
Kaplan, & Saccuzzo, 2001).
Assessment includes more than just tests. A typical
assessment plan may include a test or a battery of tests, interview, behavioral
observation, and case history data. In many cases even more sources of
information regarding a person’s behavior and mental processes are also used
e.g. portfolios containing samples of a person’s (mostly a student or a job
candidate) skill or work such as photographs, drawings, stories, or essays.
Remember!!!
•
A test is just one tool. In order to
make more precise and accurate predictions one should supplement tests with
other sources of data as well, e.g., observation, case history etc.
•
Psychological tests do not, and they
cannot, always present a 100% accurate picture of behavior and/or mental
processes. There can always be some chance of error; and we should be able to
gauge the amount of error.
•
Tests present a picture of only those
characteristics or variables that have been covered in the content of the test.
They do not capture behavior in entirety.
•
The precision of test results or
conclusion depends, to a great extent, on the subjects’ state of mind and
attitude toward the test as well as the testing process.
Types of Tests:
There are a large number of varieties of tests
available for a wide range of purposes. Tests can be categorized on the basis
of:
•
The purpose or the type of behavior/characteristics to
be measured: personality, aptitude, intelligence, achievement etc.
•
Individual versus group tests
•
Ability, achievement, or aptitude tests
•
Intelligence versus personality tests
•
Speed test versus ability tests
•
Structured personality tests versus
projective tests
•
Verbal versus non-verbal/performance
tests.
•
Commercial copyrighted tests versus
available to all tests
Essential characteristics of
psychological tests:
A good psychological test should have these
qualities:
•
Validity: A test should measure what it
is intended to measure.
•
Reliability: A test should give
consistent results. It should give same or similar results every time it is
administered to the same subjects in same conditions.
•
Norm development and standardization
Ethics in Psychological Testing:
•
Confidentiality
•
No hurt or damage
•
Respect the viewpoint of subject
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